# The Sidef Programming Language Sidef is a modern, high-level programming language designed for versatile general-purpose applications, drawing inspiration from the principles of Ruby, Raku, and Julia. ``` ** ** **** * ********* ********* * * ** * * **** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **** *** ********* * * * ** ** ** **** * * ****** ****** * * * * * * * * * **** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **** ****** ****** * * ** ** **** * * * ********* *** * * ** * * **** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **** ********* ********* * ``` - Key features of Sidef include: - Object-oriented programming - Functional programming - Functional pattern matching - Optional lazy evaluation - Multiple dispatch - Lexical scoping - Lexical closures - Keyword arguments - Regular expressions - Seamless integration with Perl modules - Optional dynamic type checking - Robust support for big integers, rationals, floats, and complex numbers ### Resources - [Beginner's Tutorial](https://codeberg.org/trizen/sidef/src/branch/master/TUTORIAL.md) ([PDF](https://github.com/trizen/sidef/releases/download/24.11/sidef-tutorial.pdf)) - [Number Theory Tutorial](https://codeberg.org/trizen/sidef/src/branch/master/NUMBER_THEORY_TUTORIAL.md) ([PDF](https://github.com/trizen/sidef/releases/download/24.11/sidef-number-theory.pdf)) - RosettaCode: [Sidef](https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sidef) - Gitbook: [Sidef-lang](https://trizen.gitbook.io/sidef-lang/) ([legacy](https://trizen.gitbooks.io/sidef-lang)) ([PDF](https://github.com/trizen/sidef/releases/download/24.11/sidef-book.pdf)) ### Questions & Answers For assistance or inquiries regarding Sidef, please visit the dedicated [discussion forum](https://github.com/trizen/sidef/discussions/categories/q-a). ## EXAMPLES ### The [Y combinator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point_combinator#Fixed-point_combinators_in_lambda_calculus): ```ruby var y = ->(f) {->(g) {g(g)}(->(g) { f(->(*args) {g(g)(args...)})})} var fac = ->(f) { ->(n) { n < 2 ? 1 : (n * f(n-1)) } } say 10.of { |i| y(fac)(i) } #=> [1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040, 40320, 362880] var fib = ->(f) { ->(n) { n < 2 ? n : (f(n-2) + f(n-1)) } } say 10.of { |i| y(fib)(i) } #=> [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34] ``` ### ASCII generation of the [Sierpinski triangle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpinski_triangle): ```ruby func sierpinski_triangle(n) { var triangle = ['*'] { |i| var sp = (' ' * 2**i) triangle = (triangle.map {|x| sp + x + sp} + triangle.map {|x| x + ' ' + x}) } * n triangle.join("\n") } say sierpinski_triangle(4) ``` Output: ```text * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ``` ### ASCII generation of the [Mandelbrot set](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set): ```ruby func mandelbrot(z, r=20) { var c = z r.times { z = (z*z + c) return true if (z.abs > 2) } return false } for y in (1 `downto` -1 `by` 0.05) { for x in (-2 `upto` 0.5 `by` 0.0315) { print(mandelbrot(Complex(x, y)) ? ' ' : '#') } print "\n" } ``` Output: ```text # # ### # ######## ######### ###### ## ## ############ # ### ################### # ############################# ############################ ################################ ################################ #################################### # # # ################################### ########### ################################### ########### ##################################### ############## #################################### #################################################### ###################################################### ######################################################################### ###################################################### #################################################### ############## #################################### ########### ##################################### ########### ################################### # # ################################### #################################### # ################################ ################################ ############################ ############################# ### ################### # ## ## ############ # ###### ######### ######## # ### # # ``` ### Additional Examples * To explore further examples, kindly refer to: [https://github.com/trizen/sidef-scripts](https://github.com/trizen/sidef-scripts) ### INTERACTIVE MODE ![sidef](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/614513/39590990-123bd3ea-4f0b-11e8-9717-abc0ec48622e.png) ### TRY IT ONLINE * [https://tio.run/#sidef](https://tio.run/#sidef) ### AVAILABILITY * **CPAN**: https://metacpan.org/release/Sidef * **PKGS**: https://pkgs.org/download/perl-Sidef * **Arch Linux**: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/sidef/ * **Slackware**: https://slackbuilds.org/repository/15.0/perl/perl-Sidef/ ### LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT * Copyright (C) 2013-2024 Daniel Șuteu, Ioana Fălcușan This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the *Artistic License (2.0)*. You may obtain a copy of the full license at: [https://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic-license-20.html](https://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic-license-20.html) Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or Modified Versions is governed by this Artistic License. By using, modifying or distributing the Package, you accept this license. Do not use, modify, or distribute the Package, if you do not accept this license. If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified Version made by someone other than you, you are nevertheless required to ensure that your Modified Version complies with the requirements of this license. This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark, service mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder. 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