IPv6 Maintenance L. Colitti Internet-Draft J. Linkova Updates: 4861, 4862 (if approved) X. Ma, Ed. Intended status: Standards Track Google Expires: 7 January 2024 D. Lamparter NetDEF, Inc. 6 July 2023 Signalling DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation Availability to Hosts draft-collink-6man-pio-pflag-01 Abstract This document defines a ‘P’ flag in the Prefix Information Option of IPv6 Router Advertisements (RAs). The flag is used to indicate that the network prefers that hosts acquire global addresses using DHCPv6 PD instead of using SLAAC for this prefix. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on 7 January 2024. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. Colitti, et al. Expires 7 January 2024 [Page 1] Internet-Draft pio-p-flag July 2023 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. Router Behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5. Host Behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5.1. Tracking and requesting prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5.2. Using received prefix(es) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6. Multihoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7. Modifications to RFC-Mandated Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.1. Changes to RFC4861 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.2. Changes to RFC4862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9. Privacy Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1. Introduction IPv6 hosts, especially mobile hosts, usually have multiple global IPv6 addresses (e.g. stable addresses, privacy addresses, 464XLAT addresses, addresses for virtual systems etc). On large networks, individually tracking these addresses can create scalability issues for the infrastructure, because routers must maintain multiple entries (neighbor cache, SAVI mappings, VXLAN routes, etc.) for each host. [I-D.ietf-v6ops-dhcp-pd-per-device] discusses these challenges and proposes a solution that uses DHCPv6 PD [RFC8415]. Colitti, et al. Expires 7 January 2024 [Page 2] Internet-Draft pio-p-flag July 2023 On small networks, scaling to support multiple individual IPv6 addresses is less of a concern, because many home routers support hundreds of neighbor cache entries. On the other hand, address space is more limited compared to the number of hosts connected - the smallest home network might only have /60 prefixes, or even just a single /64. A host cannot know in advance which address assignment method is most appropriate for the network, so there must be a mechanism for the network to communicate with this to the host. 2. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 3. Rationale As described above, if the network supports both SLAAC and DHCPv6-PD, the network administrator might want to indicate to hosts that DHCPv6-PD address assignemnt (see [I-D.ietf-v6ops-dhcp-pd-per-device]) should be preferred over SLAAC. The information is passed to the host via a P flag in the Prefix Information Option (PIO). The reason is as follows: * The information should be contained in the Router Advertisement because it must be available to the host before it decides to form IPv6 addresses from the prefix using SLAAC. Otherwise, the host might form IPv6 addresses from the PIO provided and start using them. This is suboptimal because if the host later acquires a prefix using DHCPv6 PD, it can either use both the prefix and SLAAC addresses, reducing the scalability benefits of using DHCPv6 PD, or can remove the SLAAC addresses, which would be disruptive for applications that are using them. * This information is specific to the particular prefix being announced. For example, a network might want to assign global addresses via DHCPv6 PD, but use SLAAC for ULA addresses. Also, in a multihoming situation, one upstream network might choose to assign addresses via prefix delegation, and another via SLAAC. Colitti, et al. Expires 7 January 2024 [Page 3] Internet-Draft pio-p-flag July 2023 4. Router Behaviour The router SHOULD set P flag to zero by default, unless explicitly configured by the administrator. The router SHOULD have a configuration knob to set the P flag value for the given prefix. 5. Host Behaviour 5.1. Tracking and requesting prefixes The host SHOULD NOT use SLAAC to obtain IPv6 addresses from prefix(es) with the P bit set. For each network it is currently connected to, the host MUST keep a list of every PIO it has received with the P flag. Each time the client receives a Router Advertisement containing a PIO with the P bit set that is not in the list, and every time a previously-received PIO with the P bit set becomes deprecated: * If the client has not previously received any delegated prefixes from the network, it SHOULD start DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation. * If the client has already received delegated prefix(es) from one or more servers, it MUST consider this change in PIOs a change in configuration information as described in Section 18.2.12 of [RFC8415], i.e. it MUST perform a REBIND. This allows the host to obtain new prefixes if necessary, e.g. when the network is being renumbered. It also refreshes state related to the delegated prefix(es). Whenever a Prefix Information Option’s Valid lifetime reaches zero, or its P flag changes to 0, the prefix is removed from the list. When there are no such prefixes, the host SHOULD stop the DHCPv6 client if it has no other reason to run it. The lifetimes of any DHCPv6 prefixes already obtained are unaffected. When a host requests a prefix via DHCPv6 PD, it MUST use the prefix length hint Section 18.2.4 of [RFC8415] to request a prefix that is short enough to form addresses via SLAAC. The P flag is meaningless for link-local prefixes and any Prefix Information Option containing the link-local prefix MUST be ignored as specified in Section 5.5.3 of [RFC4862]. Colitti, et al. Expires 7 January 2024 [Page 4] Internet-Draft pio-p-flag July 2023 5.2. Using received prefix(es) If the received prefix is long to be used for SLAAC, the host MUST ignore it and issue a DECLINE. If the prefix is shorter than required for SLAAC, the host SHOULD accept it, allocate one or more longer prefix suitable for SLAAC and use the prefixes as described below. For every accepted prefix: * The host MAY form as many IPv6 addresses from the prefix as it chooses. * The host MAY use the prefix to provide IPv6 addresses to internal components such as virtual machines or containers. * If the host is capable of acting as a router, and doing so is allowed by local policy, it MAY use the prefix to allow devices directly connected to it to obtain IPv6 addresses, e.g., by sending a Router Advertisement containing the prefix to a connected interface. If the host doesn't obtain any suitable prefixes via DHCPv6 PD it MAY choose, as a fallback mechanism, to form addresses via SLAAC using PIOs with A flag set to 1. 6. Multihoming In multi-prefix multihoming, the host generally needs to associate the prefix with the router that advertised it (see for example, [RFC6724] Rule 5.5). If the host supports Rule 5.5, then it SHOULD associate each prefix with the link-local address of the DHCPv6 relay from which it received the REPLY packet. When receiving multiple REPLYs carrying the same prefix from distinct link-local addresses, the host SHOULD associate that prefix with all of these addresses. This can commonly happen in networks with redundant routers and DHCPv6 relays. 7. Modifications to RFC-Mandated Behavior 7.1. Changes to RFC4861 This document makes the following changes to Section 4.6.2 of [RFC4861], (last updated by [RFC6275]): OLD TEXT: == Colitti, et al. Expires 7 January 2024 [Page 5] Internet-Draft pio-p-flag July 2023 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Prefix Length |L|A|R|Reserved1| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 1 === NEW TEXT === 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Prefix Length |L|A|R|P| Rsvd1 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 2 OLD TEXT === A 1-bit autonomous address-configuration flag. When set indicates that this prefix can be used for stateless address configuration as specified in [ADDRCONF]. Reserved1 6-bit unused field. It MUST be initialized to zero by the sender and MUST be ignored by the receiver. === NEW TEXT === A 1-bit autonomous address-configuration flag. When set indicates that this prefix can be used for stateless address configuration as specified in [ADDRCONF]. P 1-bit DHCPv6-PD flag. When set, indicates that this prefix SHOULD NOT be used for stateless address configuration. Instead the host SHOULD request a dedicated prefix via DHCPv6-PD and use that prefix for stateless address configuration. Colitti, et al. Expires 7 January 2024 [Page 6] Internet-Draft pio-p-flag July 2023 Rsvd1 4-bit unused field. It MUST be initialized to zero by the sender and MUST be ignored by the receiver. === 7.2. Changes to RFC4862 This document makes the following changes to Section 5.5.3 of [RFC4862]: OLD TEXT === For each Prefix-Information option in the Router Advertisement: a) If the Autonomous flag is not set, silently ignore the Prefix Information option. === NEW TEXT: Insert the following text after "For each Prefix- Information option in the Router Advertisement:" but before "If the Autonomous flag is not set, silently ignore the Prefix Information option.": === a) If the P flag is set, start the DHCPv6 PD process and use the delegated prefix to assign addresses to the interfaces as described in draft-collink-6man-pio-pflag. The Prefix Information option SHOULD be processed as if A flag is set to zero. === 8. Security Considerations The mechanism described in this document relies on the information provided in the Router Advertisement and therefore shares the same security model as SLAAC. If the network doesn't implement RA Guard [RFC6105], an attacker might sent RAs containing the PIO used by the network, set P flag to 1 and force hosts to ignore A flag. In the absense of DHCPv6 PD infrastructure, hosts would experience delays in obtaining IPv6 addresses (as no delegated prefixes are available, hosts MAY choose to fallback to SLAAC). Colitti, et al. Expires 7 January 2024 [Page 7] Internet-Draft pio-p-flag July 2023 The attacker might force hosts to oscillate between DHCPv6 PD and PIO-based SLAAC by sending the same set of PIOs with and then w/o P flag set. That would cause the clients to issue REBIND requests, increasing the load on the DHCP infrastructure. However Section 14.1 of [RFC8415] requires that DHCPv6 PD clients rate limit transmitted DHCPv6 messages. It should be noted that if the network allows rogue RAs to be sent, the attacker would be able to disrupt hosts connectivity anyway, so this document doesn't introduce any fundamentally new security considerations. 9. Privacy Considerations Implementing the P flag on a host / receiving side enables other systems on the network to trigger running DHCPv6 on that network. Doing so may reveal some minor additional information about the host, most prominently the hostname. This is the same consideration as for the M flag. No privacy considerations result from supporting the P flag on the sender side. 10. IANA Considerations This memo requests that IANA allocate bit 3 from the "IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Prefix Information Option Flags" registry created by [RFC8425] for use as the P flag as described in this document. The following entry should be appended: +================+==============================+=================+ | PIO Option Bit | Description | Reference | +================+==============================+=================+ | 3 | P - DHCPv6-PD preferred flag | [THIS DOCUMENT] | +----------------+------------------------------+-----------------+ Table 1 11. References 11.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . Colitti, et al. Expires 7 January 2024 [Page 8] Internet-Draft pio-p-flag July 2023 [RFC4861] Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., and H. Soliman, "Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 4861, DOI 10.17487/RFC4861, September 2007, . [RFC4862] Thomson, S., Narten, T., and T. Jinmei, "IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration", RFC 4862, DOI 10.17487/RFC4862, September 2007, . [RFC6724] Thaler, D., Ed., Draves, R., Matsumoto, A., and T. Chown, "Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 6724, DOI 10.17487/RFC6724, September 2012, . [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . [RFC8415] Mrugalski, T., Siodelski, M., Volz, B., Yourtchenko, A., Richardson, M., Jiang, S., Lemon, T., and T. Winters, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 8415, DOI 10.17487/RFC8415, November 2018, . [RFC8425] Troan, O., "IANA Considerations for IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Prefix Information Option Flags", RFC 8425, DOI 10.17487/RFC8425, July 2018, . 11.2. Informative References [RFC6105] Levy-Abegnoli, E., Van de Velde, G., Popoviciu, C., and J. Mohacsi, "IPv6 Router Advertisement Guard", RFC 6105, DOI 10.17487/RFC6105, February 2011, . [I-D.ietf-v6ops-dhcp-pd-per-device] Colitti, L., Linkova, J., and X. Ma, "Using DHCP-PD to Allocate Unique IPv6 Prefix per Device in Broadcast Networks", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf- v6ops-dhcp-pd-per-device-00, 18 May 2023, . [RFC6275] Perkins, C., Ed., Johnson, D., and J. Arkko, "Mobility Support in IPv6", RFC 6275, DOI 10.17487/RFC6275, July 2011, . Colitti, et al. Expires 7 January 2024 [Page 9] Internet-Draft pio-p-flag July 2023 Acknowledgements Thanks to Fernando Gont, Suresh Krishnan, Andrew McGregor, Tomek Mrugalski, Timothy Winters for the discussions, the input and all contribution. Authors' Addresses Lorenzo Colitti Google Shibuya 3-21-3, Japan Email: lorenzo@google.com Jen Linkova Google 1 Darling Island Rd Pyrmont NSW 2009 Australia Email: furry13@gmail.com, furry@google.com Xiao Ma (editor) Google Shibuya 3-21-3, Japan Email: xiaom@google.com David 'equinox' Lamparter NetDEF, Inc. San Jose, United States of America Email: equinox@diac24.net, equinox@opensourcerouting.org Colitti, et al. Expires 7 January 2024 [Page 10]