\chapentry{Overview of \code {make}}{1}{1}
\secentry{How to Read This Manual}{1}{1}{1}
\secentry{Problems and Bugs}{1}{2}{1}
\chapentry{An Introduction to Makefiles}{2}{3}
\secentry{What a Rule Looks Like}{2}{1}{3}
\secentry{A Simple Makefile}{2}{2}{4}
\secentry{How \code {make} Processes a Makefile}{2}{3}{5}
\secentry{Variables Make Makefiles Simpler}{2}{4}{6}
\secentry{Letting \code {make} Deduce the Commands}{2}{5}{7}
\secentry{Another Style of Makefile}{2}{6}{7}
\secentry{Rules for Cleaning the Directory}{2}{7}{8}
\chapentry{Writing Makefiles}{3}{9}
\secentry{What Makefiles Contain}{3}{1}{9}
\secentry{What Name to Give Your Makefile}{3}{2}{9}
\secentry{Including Other Makefiles}{3}{3}{10}
\secentry{The Variable \code {MAKEFILES}}{3}{4}{11}
\secentry{How Makefiles Are Remade}{3}{5}{11}
\secentry{Overriding Part of Another Makefile}{3}{6}{13}
\secentry{How \code {make} Reads a Makefile}{3}{7}{13}
\chapentry{Writing Rules}{4}{15}
\secentry{Rule Syntax}{4}{1}{15}
\secentry{Using Wildcard Characters in File Names}{4}{2}{16}
\subsecentry{Wildcard Examples}{4}{2}{1}{16}
\subsecentry{Pitfalls of Using Wildcards}{4}{2}{2}{17}
\subsecentry{The Function \code {wildcard}}{4}{2}{3}{17}
\secentry{Searching Directories for Prerequisites}{4}{3}{18}
\subsecentry{\code {VPATH}: Search Path for All Prerequisites}{4}{3}{1}{18}
\subsecentry{The \code {vpath} Directive}{4}{3}{2}{19}
\subsecentry{How Directory Searches are Performed}{4}{3}{3}{20}
\subsecentry{Writing Shell Commands with Directory Search}{4}{3}{4}{21}
\subsecentry{Directory Search and Implicit Rules}{4}{3}{5}{21}
\subsecentry{Directory Search for Link Libraries}{4}{3}{6}{21}
\secentry{Phony Targets}{4}{4}{22}
\secentry{Rules without Commands or Prerequisites}{4}{5}{24}
\secentry{Empty Target Files to Record Events}{4}{6}{24}
\secentry{Special Built-in Target Names}{4}{7}{25}
\secentry{Multiple Targets in a Rule}{4}{8}{27}
\secentry{Multiple Rules for One Target}{4}{9}{27}
\secentry{Static Pattern Rules}{4}{10}{28}
\subsecentry{Syntax of Static Pattern Rules}{4}{10}{1}{28}
\subsecentry{Static Pattern Rules versus Implicit Rules}{4}{10}{2}{29}
\secentry{Double-Colon Rules}{4}{11}{30}
\secentry{Generating Prerequisites Automatically}{4}{12}{30}
\chapentry{Writing the Commands in Rules}{5}{33}
\secentry{Command Echoing}{5}{1}{33}
\secentry{Command Execution}{5}{2}{33}
\secentry{Parallel Execution}{5}{3}{35}
\secentry{Errors in Commands}{5}{4}{36}
\secentry{Interrupting or Killing \code {make}}{5}{5}{37}
\secentry{Recursive Use of \code {make}}{5}{6}{37}
\subsecentry{How the \code {MAKE} Variable Works}{5}{6}{1}{38}
\subsecentry{Communicating Variables to a Sub-\code {make}}{5}{6}{2}{38}
\subsecentry{Communicating Options to a Sub-\code {make}}{5}{6}{3}{40}
\subsecentry{The \samp {--print-directory} Option}{5}{6}{4}{42}
\secentry{Defining Canned Command Sequences}{5}{7}{42}
\secentry{Using Empty Commands}{5}{8}{43}
\chapentry{How to Use Variables}{6}{45}
\secentry{Basics of Variable References}{6}{1}{45}
\secentry{The Two Flavors of Variables}{6}{2}{46}
\secentry{Advanced Features for Reference to Variables}{6}{3}{48}
\subsecentry{Substitution References}{6}{3}{1}{48}
\subsecentry{Computed Variable Names}{6}{3}{2}{49}
\secentry{How Variables Get Their Values}{6}{4}{51}
\secentry{Setting Variables}{6}{5}{51}
\secentry{Appending More Text to Variables}{6}{6}{52}
\secentry{The \code {override} Directive}{6}{7}{53}
\secentry{Defining Variables Verbatim}{6}{8}{54}
\secentry{Variables from the Environment}{6}{9}{55}
\secentry{Target-specific Variable Values}{6}{10}{55}
\secentry{Pattern-specific Variable Values}{6}{11}{56}
\chapentry{Conditional Parts of Makefiles}{7}{57}
\secentry{Example of a Conditional}{7}{1}{57}
\secentry{Syntax of Conditionals}{7}{2}{58}
\secentry{Conditionals that Test Flags}{7}{3}{60}
\chapentry{Functions for Transforming Text}{8}{61}
\secentry{Function Call Syntax}{8}{1}{61}
\secentry{Functions for String Substitution and Analysis}{8}{2}{62}
\secentry{Functions for File Names}{8}{3}{64}
\secentry{The \code {foreach} Function}{8}{4}{67}
\secentry{The \code {if} Function}{8}{5}{68}
\secentry{The \code {call} Function}{8}{6}{68}
\secentry{The \code {origin} Function}{8}{7}{69}
\secentry{The \code {shell} Function}{8}{8}{70}
\secentry{Functions That Control Make}{8}{9}{71}
\chapentry{How to Run \code {make}}{9}{73}
\secentry{Arguments to Specify the Makefile}{9}{1}{73}
\secentry{Arguments to Specify the Goals}{9}{2}{73}
\secentry{Instead of Executing the Commands}{9}{3}{75}
\secentry{Avoiding Recompilation of Some Files}{9}{4}{76}
\secentry{Overriding Variables}{9}{5}{77}
\secentry{Testing the Compilation of a Program}{9}{6}{77}
\secentry{Summary of Options}{9}{7}{78}
\chapentry{Using Implicit Rules}{10}{83}
\secentry{Using Implicit Rules}{10}{1}{83}
\secentry{Catalogue of Implicit Rules}{10}{2}{84}
\secentry{Variables Used by Implicit Rules}{10}{3}{87}
\secentry{Chains of Implicit Rules}{10}{4}{89}
\secentry{Defining and Redefining Pattern Rules}{10}{5}{90}
\subsecentry{Introduction to Pattern Rules}{10}{5}{1}{91}
\subsecentry{Pattern Rule Examples}{10}{5}{2}{91}
\subsecentry{Automatic Variables}{10}{5}{3}{92}
\subsecentry{How Patterns Match}{10}{5}{4}{94}
\subsecentry{Match-Anything Pattern Rules}{10}{5}{5}{95}
\subsecentry{Canceling Implicit Rules}{10}{5}{6}{96}
\secentry{Defining Last-Resort Default Rules}{10}{6}{96}
\secentry{Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules}{10}{7}{97}
\secentry{Implicit Rule Search Algorithm}{10}{8}{98}
\chapentry{Using \code {make} to Update Archive Files}{11}{101}
\secentry{Archive Members as Targets}{11}{1}{101}
\secentry{Implicit Rule for Archive Member Targets}{11}{2}{101}
\subsecentry{Updating Archive Symbol Directories}{11}{2}{1}{102}
\secentry{Dangers When Using Archives}{11}{3}{102}
\secentry{Suffix Rules for Archive Files}{11}{4}{103}
\chapentry{Features of GNU \code {make}}{12}{105}
\chapentry{Incompatibilities and Missing Features}{13}{109}
\chapentry{Makefile Conventions}{14}{111}
\secentry{General Conventions for Makefiles}{14}{1}{111}
\secentry{Utilities in Makefiles}{14}{2}{112}
\secentry{Variables for Specifying Commands}{14}{3}{113}
\secentry{Variables for Installation Directories}{14}{4}{114}
\secentry{Standard Targets for Users}{14}{5}{117}
\secentry{Install Command Categories}{14}{6}{121}
\chapentry{Quick Reference}{Appendix{} \char 65}{123}
\chapentry{Errors Generated by Make}{Appendix{} \char 66}{129}
\chapentry{Complex Makefile Example}{Appendix{} \char 67}{133}
\unnumbchapentry{Index of Concepts}{139}
\unnumbchapentry{Index of Functions, Variables, & Directives}{149}