\chapentry {Overview}{1}{1}
\secentry {Structure of this Manual}{1}{1}{5}
\secentry {The GNU Assembler}{1}{2}{5}
\secentry {Object File Formats}{1}{3}{6}
\secentry {Command Line}{1}{4}{6}
\secentry {Input Files}{1}{5}{6}
\secentry {Output (Object) File}{1}{6}{7}
\secentry {Error and Warning Messages}{1}{7}{7}
\chapentry {Command-Line Options}{2}{9}
\secentry {Enable Listings: \code {-a[cdhlns]}}{2}{1}{9}
\secentry {\code {-D}}{2}{2}{9}
\secentry {Work Faster: \code {-f}}{2}{3}{9}
\secentry {\code {.include} search path: \code {-I} \var {path}}{2}{4}{10}
\secentry {Difference Tables: \code {-K}}{2}{5}{10}
\secentry {Include Local Labels: \code {-L}}{2}{6}{10}
\secentry {Assemble in MRI Compatibility Mode: \code {-M}}{2}{7}{10}
\secentry {Dependency tracking: \code {--MD}}{2}{8}{12}
\secentry {Name the Object File: \code {-o}}{2}{9}{12}
\secentry {Join Data and Text Sections: \code {-R}}{2}{10}{12}
\secentry {Display Assembly Statistics: \code {--statistics}}{2}{11}{13}
\secentry {Compatible output: \code {--traditional-format}}{2}{12}{13}
\secentry {Announce Version: \code {-v}}{2}{13}{13}
\secentry {Suppress Warnings: \code {-W}}{2}{14}{13}
\secentry {Generate Object File in Spite of Errors: \code {-Z}}{2}{15}{13}
\chapentry {Syntax}{3}{15}
\secentry {Preprocessing}{3}{1}{15}
\secentry {Whitespace}{3}{2}{15}
\secentry {Comments}{3}{3}{15}
\secentry {Symbols}{3}{4}{16}
\secentry {Statements}{3}{5}{16}
\secentry {Constants}{3}{6}{17}
\subsecentry {Character Constants}{3}{6}{1}{17}
\subsubsecentry {Strings} {3}{6}{1}{1} {17}
\subsubsecentry {Characters} {3}{6}{1}{2} {18}
\subsecentry {Number Constants}{3}{6}{2}{19}
\subsubsecentry {Integers} {3}{6}{2}{1} {19}
\subsubsecentry {Bignums} {3}{6}{2}{2} {19}
\subsubsecentry {Flonums} {3}{6}{2}{3} {19}
\chapentry {Sections and Relocation}{4}{21}
\secentry {Background}{4}{1}{21}
\secentry {Linker Sections}{4}{2}{22}
\secentry {Assembler Internal Sections}{4}{3}{23}
\secentry {Sub-Sections}{4}{4}{23}
\secentry {bss Section}{4}{5}{24}
\chapentry {Symbols}{5}{27}
\secentry {Labels}{5}{1}{27}
\secentry {Giving Symbols Other Values}{5}{2}{27}
\secentry {Symbol Names}{5}{3}{27}
\secentry {The Special Dot Symbol}{5}{4}{28}
\secentry {Symbol Attributes}{5}{5}{28}
\subsecentry {Value}{5}{5}{1}{28}
\subsecentry {Type}{5}{5}{2}{29}
\subsecentry {Symbol Attributes: \code {a.out}}{5}{5}{3}{29}
\subsubsecentry {Descriptor} {5}{5}{3}{1} {29}
\subsubsecentry {Other} {5}{5}{3}{2} {29}
\subsecentry {Symbol Attributes for COFF}{5}{5}{4}{29}
\subsubsecentry {Primary Attributes} {5}{5}{4}{1} {29}
\subsubsecentry {Auxiliary Attributes} {5}{5}{4}{2} {29}
\subsecentry {Symbol Attributes for SOM}{5}{5}{5}{29}
\chapentry {Expressions}{6}{31}
\secentry {Empty Expressions}{6}{1}{31}
\secentry {Integer Expressions}{6}{2}{31}
\subsecentry {Arguments}{6}{2}{1}{31}
\subsecentry {Operators}{6}{2}{2}{31}
\subsecentry {Prefix Operator}{6}{2}{3}{32}
\subsecentry {Infix Operators}{6}{2}{4}{32}
\chapentry {Assembler Directives}{7}{33}
\secentry {\code {.abort}}{7}{1}{33}
\secentry {\code {.ABORT}}{7}{2}{33}
\secentry {\code {.align \var {abs-expr}, \var {abs-expr}, \var {abs-expr}}}{7}{3}{33}
\secentry {\code {.app-file \var {string}}}{7}{4}{34}
\secentry {\code {.ascii {\tt\char'042}\var {string}{\tt\char'042}}\dots{}}{7}{5}{34}
\secentry {\code {.asciz {\tt\char'042}\var {string}{\tt\char'042}}\dots{}}{7}{6}{34}
\secentry {\code {.balign[wl] \var {abs-expr}, \var {abs-expr}, \var {abs-expr}}}{7}{7}{34}
\secentry {\code {.byte \var {expressions}}}{7}{8}{35}
\secentry {\code {.comm \var {symbol} , \var {length} }}{7}{9}{35}
\secentry {\code {.data \var {subsection}}}{7}{10}{35}
\secentry {\code {.def \var {name}}}{7}{11}{35}
\secentry {\code {.desc \var {symbol}, \var {abs-expression}}}{7}{12}{35}
\secentry {\code {.dim}}{7}{13}{36}
\secentry {\code {.double \var {flonums}}}{7}{14}{36}
\secentry {\code {.eject}}{7}{15}{36}
\secentry {\code {.else}}{7}{16}{36}
\secentry {\code {.endef}}{7}{17}{36}
\secentry {\code {.endif}}{7}{18}{36}
\secentry {\code {.equ \var {symbol}, \var {expression}}}{7}{19}{36}
\secentry {\code {.equiv \var {symbol}, \var {expression}}}{7}{20}{37}
\secentry {\code {.err}}{7}{21}{37}
\secentry {\code {.extern}}{7}{22}{37}
\secentry {\code {.file \var {string}}}{7}{23}{37}
\secentry {\code {.fill \var {repeat} , \var {size} , \var {value}}}{7}{24}{37}
\secentry {\code {.float \var {flonums}}}{7}{25}{38}
\secentry {\code {.global \var {symbol}}, \code {.globl \var {symbol}}}{7}{26}{38}
\secentry {\code {.hword \var {expressions}}}{7}{27}{38}
\secentry {\code {.ident}}{7}{28}{38}
\secentry {\code {.if \var {absolute expression}}}{7}{29}{38}
\secentry {\code {.include {\tt\char'042}\var {file}{\tt\char'042}}}{7}{30}{39}
\secentry {\code {.int \var {expressions}}}{7}{31}{39}
\secentry {\code {.irp \var {symbol},\var {values}}\dots{}}{7}{32}{39}
\secentry {\code {.irpc \var {symbol},\var {values}}\dots{}}{7}{33}{39}
\secentry {\code {.lcomm \var {symbol} , \var {length}}}{7}{34}{40}
\secentry {\code {.lflags}}{7}{35}{40}
\secentry {\code {.line \var {line-number}}}{7}{36}{40}
\secentry {\code {.linkonce [\var {type}]}}{7}{37}{40}
\secentry {\code {.ln \var {line-number}}}{7}{38}{41}
\secentry {\code {.mri \var {val}}}{7}{39}{41}
\secentry {\code {.list}}{7}{40}{41}
\secentry {\code {.long \var {expressions}}}{7}{41}{41}
\secentry {\code {.macro}}{7}{42}{41}
\secentry {\code {.nolist}}{7}{43}{42}
\secentry {\code {.octa \var {bignums}}}{7}{44}{43}
\secentry {\code {.org \var {new-lc} , \var {fill}}}{7}{45}{43}
\secentry {\code {.p2align[wl] \var {abs-expr}, \var {abs-expr}, \var {abs-expr}}}{7}{46}{43}
\secentry {\code {.psize \var {lines} , \var {columns}}}{7}{47}{44}
\secentry {\code {.quad \var {bignums}}}{7}{48}{44}
\secentry {\code {.rept \var {count}}}{7}{49}{44}
\secentry {\code {.sbttl {\tt\char'042}\var {subheading}{\tt\char'042}}}{7}{50}{44}
\secentry {\code {.scl \var {class}}}{7}{51}{45}
\secentry {\code {.section \var {name}}}{7}{52}{45}
\secentry {\code {.set \var {symbol}, \var {expression}}}{7}{53}{46}
\secentry {\code {.short \var {expressions}}}{7}{54}{46}
\secentry {\code {.single \var {flonums}}}{7}{55}{46}
\secentry {\code {.size}}{7}{56}{46}
\secentry {\code {.sleb128 \var {expressions}}}{7}{57}{47}
\secentry {\code {.skip \var {size} , \var {fill}}}{7}{58}{47}
\secentry {\code {.space \var {size} , \var {fill}}}{7}{59}{47}
\secentry {\code {.stabd, .stabn, .stabs}}{7}{60}{47}
\secentry {\code {.string} {\tt\char'042}\var {str}{\tt\char'042}}{7}{61}{48}
\secentry {\code {.symver}}{7}{62}{48}
\secentry {\code {.tag \var {structname}}}{7}{63}{49}
\secentry {\code {.text \var {subsection}}}{7}{64}{49}
\secentry {\code {.title {\tt\char'042}\var {heading}{\tt\char'042}}}{7}{65}{49}
\secentry {\code {.type \var {int}}}{7}{66}{49}
\secentry {\code {.val \var {addr}}}{7}{67}{49}
\secentry {\code {.uleb128 \var {expressions}}}{7}{68}{49}
\secentry {\code {.word \var {expressions}}}{7}{69}{50}
\secentry {Deprecated Directives}{7}{70}{50}
\chapentry {Machine Dependent Features}{8}{51}
\secentry {ARC Dependent Features}{8}{1}{52}
\subsecentry {Options}{8}{1}{1}{52}
\subsecentry {Floating Point}{8}{1}{2}{52}
\subsecentry {ARC Machine Directives}{8}{1}{3}{52}
\secentry {AMD 29K Dependent Features}{8}{2}{53}
\subsecentry {Options}{8}{2}{1}{53}
\subsecentry {Syntax}{8}{2}{2}{53}
\subsubsecentry {Macros} {8}{2}{2}{1} {53}
\subsubsecentry {Special Characters} {8}{2}{2}{2} {53}
\subsubsecentry {Register Names} {8}{2}{2}{3} {53}
\subsecentry {Floating Point}{8}{2}{3}{53}
\subsecentry {AMD 29K Machine Directives}{8}{2}{4}{54}
\subsecentry {Opcodes}{8}{2}{5}{54}
\secentry {ARM Dependent Features}{8}{3}{55}
\subsecentry {Options}{8}{3}{1}{55}
\subsecentry {Syntax}{8}{3}{2}{55}
\subsubsecentry {Special Characters} {8}{3}{2}{1} {55}
\subsubsecentry {Register Names} {8}{3}{2}{2} {56}
\subsecentry {Floating Point}{8}{3}{3}{56}
\subsecentry {ARM Machine Directives}{8}{3}{4}{56}
\subsecentry {Opcodes}{8}{3}{5}{56}
\secentry {D10V Dependent Features}{8}{4}{57}
\subsecentry {D10V Options}{8}{4}{1}{57}
\subsecentry {Syntax}{8}{4}{2}{57}
\subsubsecentry {Size Modifiers} {8}{4}{2}{1} {57}
\subsubsecentry {Sub-Instructions} {8}{4}{2}{2} {57}
\subsubsecentry {Special Characters} {8}{4}{2}{3} {58}
\subsubsecentry {Register Names} {8}{4}{2}{4} {58}
\subsubsecentry {Addressing Modes} {8}{4}{2}{5} {59}
\subsubsecentry {{\tt\char'100}WORD Modifier} {8}{4}{2}{6} {60}
\subsecentry {Floating Point}{8}{4}{3}{60}
\subsecentry {Opcodes}{8}{4}{4}{60}
\secentry {H8/300 Dependent Features}{8}{5}{61}
\subsecentry {Options}{8}{5}{1}{61}
\subsecentry {Syntax}{8}{5}{2}{61}
\subsubsecentry {Special Characters} {8}{5}{2}{1} {61}
\subsubsecentry {Register Names} {8}{5}{2}{2} {61}
\subsubsecentry {Addressing Modes} {8}{5}{2}{3} {61}
\subsecentry {Floating Point}{8}{5}{3}{62}
\subsecentry {H8/300 Machine Directives}{8}{5}{4}{63}
\subsecentry {Opcodes}{8}{5}{5}{63}
\secentry {H8/500 Dependent Features}{8}{6}{64}
\subsecentry {Options}{8}{6}{1}{64}
\subsecentry {Syntax}{8}{6}{2}{64}
\subsubsecentry {Special Characters} {8}{6}{2}{1} {64}
\subsubsecentry {Register Names} {8}{6}{2}{2} {64}
\subsubsecentry {Addressing Modes} {8}{6}{2}{3} {64}
\subsecentry {Floating Point}{8}{6}{3}{65}
\subsecentry {H8/500 Machine Directives}{8}{6}{4}{65}
\subsecentry {Opcodes}{8}{6}{5}{65}
\secentry {HPPA Dependent Features}{8}{7}{66}
\subsecentry {Notes}{8}{7}{1}{66}
\subsecentry {Options}{8}{7}{2}{66}
\subsecentry {Syntax}{8}{7}{3}{66}
\subsecentry {Floating Point}{8}{7}{4}{66}
\subsecentry {HPPA Assembler Directives}{8}{7}{5}{67}
\subsecentry {Opcodes}{8}{7}{6}{69}
\secentry {80386 Dependent Features}{8}{8}{70}
\subsecentry {Options}{8}{8}{1}{70}
\subsecentry {AT&T Syntax versus Intel Syntax}{8}{8}{2}{70}
\subsecentry {Opcode Naming}{8}{8}{3}{70}
\subsecentry {Register Naming}{8}{8}{4}{71}
\subsecentry {Opcode Prefixes}{8}{8}{5}{71}
\subsecentry {Memory References}{8}{8}{6}{72}
\subsecentry {Handling of Jump Instructions}{8}{8}{7}{73}
\subsecentry {Floating Point}{8}{8}{8}{73}
\subsecentry {Writing 16-bit Code}{8}{8}{9}{73}
\subsecentry {Notes}{8}{8}{10}{74}
\secentry {Intel 80960 Dependent Features}{8}{9}{75}
\subsecentry {i960 Command-line Options}{8}{9}{1}{75}
\subsecentry {Floating Point}{8}{9}{2}{76}
\subsecentry {i960 Machine Directives}{8}{9}{3}{76}
\subsecentry {i960 Opcodes}{8}{9}{4}{77}
\subsubsecentry {\code {callj}} {8}{9}{4}{1} {77}
\subsubsecentry {Compare-and-Branch} {8}{9}{4}{2} {77}
\secentry {M680x0 Dependent Features}{8}{10}{79}
\subsecentry {M680x0 Options}{8}{10}{1}{79}
\subsecentry {Syntax}{8}{10}{2}{81}
\subsecentry {Motorola Syntax}{8}{10}{3}{82}
\subsecentry {Floating Point}{8}{10}{4}{83}
\subsecentry {680x0 Machine Directives}{8}{10}{5}{83}
\subsecentry {Opcodes}{8}{10}{6}{83}
\subsubsecentry {Branch Improvement} {8}{10}{6}{1} {83}
\subsubsecentry {Special Characters} {8}{10}{6}{2} {85}
\secentry {MIPS Dependent Features}{8}{11}{86}
\subsecentry {Assembler options}{8}{11}{1}{86}
\subsecentry {MIPS ECOFF object code}{8}{11}{2}{87}
\subsecentry {Directives for debugging information}{8}{11}{3}{87}
\subsecentry {Directives to override the ISA level}{8}{11}{4}{88}
\subsecentry {Directives for extending MIPS 16 bit instructions}{8}{11}{5}{88}
\subsecentry {Directive to mark data as an instruction}{8}{11}{6}{88}
\subsecentry {Directives to save and restore options}{8}{11}{7}{88}
\secentry {Hitachi SH Dependent Features}{8}{12}{89}
\subsecentry {Options}{8}{12}{1}{89}
\subsecentry {Syntax}{8}{12}{2}{89}
\subsubsecentry {Special Characters} {8}{12}{2}{1} {89}
\subsubsecentry {Register Names} {8}{12}{2}{2} {89}
\subsubsecentry {Addressing Modes} {8}{12}{2}{3} {89}
\subsecentry {Floating Point}{8}{12}{3}{90}
\subsecentry {SH Machine Directives}{8}{12}{4}{90}
\subsecentry {Opcodes}{8}{12}{5}{90}
\secentry {SPARC Dependent Features}{8}{13}{91}
\subsecentry {Options}{8}{13}{1}{91}
\subsecentry {Enforcing aligned data}{8}{13}{2}{91}
\subsecentry {Floating Point}{8}{13}{3}{92}
\subsecentry {Sparc Machine Directives}{8}{13}{4}{92}
\secentry {Z8000 Dependent Features}{8}{14}{93}
\subsecentry {Options}{8}{14}{1}{93}
\subsecentry {Syntax}{8}{14}{2}{93}
\subsubsecentry {Special Characters} {8}{14}{2}{1} {93}
\subsubsecentry {Register Names} {8}{14}{2}{2} {93}
\subsubsecentry {Addressing Modes} {8}{14}{2}{3} {93}
\subsecentry {Assembler Directives for the Z8000}{8}{14}{3}{94}
\subsecentry {Opcodes}{8}{14}{4}{95}
\secentry {VAX Dependent Features}{8}{15}{95}
\subsecentry {VAX Command-Line Options}{8}{15}{1}{95}
\subsecentry {VAX Floating Point}{8}{15}{2}{96}
\subsecentry {Vax Machine Directives}{8}{15}{3}{96}
\subsecentry {VAX Opcodes}{8}{15}{4}{96}
\subsecentry {VAX Branch Improvement}{8}{15}{5}{96}
\subsecentry {VAX Operands}{8}{15}{6}{98}
\subsecentry {Not Supported on VAX}{8}{15}{7}{98}
\secentry {v850 Dependent Features}{8}{16}{98}
\subsecentry {Options}{8}{16}{1}{99}
\subsecentry {Syntax}{8}{16}{2}{99}
\subsubsecentry {Special Characters} {8}{16}{2}{1} {99}
\subsubsecentry {Register Names} {8}{16}{2}{2} {99}
\subsecentry {Floating Point}{8}{16}{3}{101}
\subsecentry {V850 Machine Directives}{8}{16}{4}{101}
\subsecentry {Opcodes}{8}{16}{5}{102}
\chapentry {Reporting Bugs}{9}{105}
\secentry {Have you found a bug?}{9}{1}{105}
\secentry {How to report bugs}{9}{2}{105}
\chapentry {Acknowledgements}{10}{109}
\unnumbchapentry {Index}{111}